A small-scale study published in 2017 raised concerns about breakfast skipping (front-end fasting) creating an acute state of muscle glucose intolerance upon refeeding. There is some evidence, based on natural daily cycles of insulin sensitivity, that it is better to skip dinner or start a prolonged overnight fast early in the evening as opposed to skipping breakfast or fasting until late afternoon. However, acute fasting studies that look at the impacts of 24 to 48-hour fasts on individuals who may not be accustomed to fasting periods of this duration are not necessarily indicative of what would happen for individuals who practice fasting on a regular basis, Dr. Krista Varady says. After a month of alternate day fasting, research participants in intermittent fasting studies overwhelmingly experience reductions in glucose levels and insulin resistance, based on cellular adaptations to the stress of fasting.
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